Deriving energy from waste has a long history, from simply burning trash to using it as a raw material for jet fuel. The Martinsburg plant in West Virginia uses a proprietary process created by Italian engineering firm Entsorga Italia, and deployed at plants across Europe.
In a process similar to composting, trash is allowed to dry in batches within the facility for 10 to 14 days, while air circulates through it and microbes break down organic material. The facility then uses machinery designed to sift out glass, metals and PVC. What remains is shredded.
“It looks like party confetti when it’s done,” Celli said. For every ton of garbage run through the facility, he estimates 40 to 45 percent will be converted to fuel. And therein may lie the project’s true appeal, even in coal country.
Clint Hogbin has spent 25 years at the solid waste authority that serves Berkeley County, where the plant is located. In that time, he said, the county’s population has grown, yielding more trash that needs either disposal or recycling. There’s only one landfill in the county and two others roughly 30 miles away, in Pennsylvania. Opening more isn’t easy.
“There’s a natural resistance to landfill expansions,” said Hogbin, chairman of the Berkeley County Solid Waste Authority.
Entsorga approached county officials in 2009, right after a county study of future garbage needs recommended finding ways to recover some of the material. In the end, the waste authority leased 12 acres for the new facility. Hogbin says the technology has the potential to be a game changer.
And for all the public hearings held on the project, he said, no one objected that it could hurt coal. Then again, that patch of West Virginia hasn’t had coal mining in about 70 years, he said.
“There was absolutely no push-back from anybody on that topic,” Hogbin said.