Fuel economy and maintenance and repair strategies to combat today’s supply chain issues and rising fuel cost.
By Al Barner
Today’s fuel prices have re-introduced a bevy of asset management challenges for fleets that significantly impact the bottom line of every fleet organization. This is especially a concern since fuel is the largest component of Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for any fleet. While it is challenging to procure new trucks, it is equally important to have a solid fuel economy and maintenance strategy to identify where costs are eroding the bottom line.
Fleet professionals are struggling with pinpointing ‘why’ and ‘where’ their costs are rising—important questions often asked by c-level executives. The simple answer is that inflation is driving all prices up, extended lifecycles are driving costs up, and the additional maintenance repairs, component parts and fuel degradation—not to mention rising labor rates for drivers, mechanics and third-party providers—are all expensive.
More importantly, fuel prices have overtaken driver shortage as the top concern expressed by drivers and motor carriers as reported by the American Transportation Research Institute’s (ATRI) 2022 Top Industry Issues survey.1 Also, when fuel rises quickly over a short period, it becomes tough for a fleet to pass this cost to their customers.
Similarly, according to the 2022 National Private Truck Council (NPTC) Benchmarking survey,2 “equipment and maintenance-related issues surged into second place and fuel-related issues driven by the spike in diesel prices leapfrogged other issues to take the number three position—up more than 10 times year-over-year.”
A significant problem facing the industry is that many fleets still do not use data analytics to pinpoint their diesel cost per mile (CPM), and instead continue focusing on diesel cost per gallon. Companies must analyze their OBC/ELD and maintenance data to determine KPIs such as fuel economy and mile-per-gallon (MPG) per model year, mile-per-year (MPY) analysis by model year, and fleet use by miles to establish a baseline. This approach, combined with a fleet modernization plan and corresponding fleet services support can help keep a fleet’s cost-per-mile in line.
This level of planning and additional line-item visibility can also make all the difference in the world in front of the leadership team. Fleet personnel should be able to address leadership and say, here is what we foresee happening, this is why maintenance is rising, this is why our tire cost is rising, this is why our fuel cost is rising, and here is what we plan to do about it.
Effects of Extending Truck Lifecycles and the Future of Procurement
According to Steve Smith, Senior Industry Adviser at DDC FPO and president of Smith Transportation Consulting Services, commented at the recent ATA MCE 2022 conference, “When the economy starts to slow down, the industry’s kneejerk reaction is to extend the life of equipment. However, extending the life of a tractor could help fleets save capital in the short term, but eliminate cashflow due to the cost of repairs.”3 Unfortunately, according to the NPTC,2 many private fleet respondents report they were forced to extend their equipment trade cycles due to the unavailability of equipment.
CPM historical trends have increased dramatically over the past few years, and several key drivers must be tracked to independently understand how they impact the P&L. This includes cost increases on parts, service, and fuel when trade cycles are extended. This will lead to maintenance being performed at a higher rate, but also components typically not addressed in a shorter life cycle, where parts and service have seen a 10 to 20 percent increase depending on component. Fuel has been volatile with cost increases/decreases of more than 25 percent in a quarter and trying to forecast future costs can be a challenge; this is why it is recommended to focus on a controllable baseline. For example, fuel planning should be based on gallons used and not price. This allows fleets to maintain operating controls during times of prices variation. Parts can be tracked by VMRS code and frequency. Older vehicles can be used as a benchmark to determine planned expenditures, and many industry trade organizations and the right asset management partner can provide industry vertical data.
“Always get current with your trade cycle. With a tractor, let’s call it five years, but it really depends on your business and how many years you are going to drive,” added Smith. “You will go down a maintenance and repair hole very quickly if you try to extend tractor lifecycles.”3
Ultimately, a data driven LCCM plan (Life Cycle Cost Management) helps corporate fleets make measurable changes in both the financial and environmental bottom line. The average driving MPG for a 500-unit fleet operating a five-year life cycle is 8.41, while the average for an eight-year cycle is 7.90. Organizations have switched from an eight- to five-year life cycle, resulting in a net reduction of 2,494,770 gallons of fuel. This will have a significant impact over the next five to 10 years, producing a 6.1 percent reduction in CO2, or 25,122 metric tons. This calculation further confirms that a shorter life cycle is more cost-effective.
Back to Basics: Fuel Strategies
That gap created from running vehicles longer results in increased fuel spend, increased carbon output, and essentially more cost overall, eating into profits. So, as we are thinking about managing our lifecycle and mitigating cost in these challenging times, there are several things to consider when it comes to fuel.
First, it is important to understand how a dual MPG on tractors works for both newer and older models. There is a minimal break-in period for newer units, but it is not like it used to be 10- or 15-years ago when we saw a half-mile penalty. Today they start at 8.41 per gallon, and as the vehicle enters the end of its lifecycle, you will typically see fuel degradation. As you think about managing a lifecycle, you cannot base your procurement cycle one year out. Therefore, you must have a multi-year approach and one-, three-, and five-year plan for equipment replacement.
Achieving optimum fuel savings needs to be owned by everyone, including technicians, drivers, and analysts. Each need to work together to review data, reduce and buy fuel correctly, eliminate idle time, and work on route optimization to realize proper use of the truck. What’s more, aftertreatment fault codes must be closely monitored and dealt with promptly. Organizations should also work with drivers to implement speed/accelerator limiters, which have been more widely accepted even though, for the first time since 2005, they made ATRI’s list of drive concerns because of road rage from speed differentials. However, while it is an area of concern, it is also why it is essential to have open communications with drivers.4
Proper Maintenance Reduces M&R and Fuel Costs
If you previously operated a truck for four or five years and are now dealing with supply chain challenges, you will be required to stretch that truck for six or seven years, and the maintenance you perform on that truck will be different.
Let’s look at the aftertreatment system again. Trucks that operate for four or five years, typically under warranty, may have a system short of fueling with regeneration or possibly one cleaning the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system. Fleets that operate longer lifecycles must overcome additional challenges for their fuel strategy and the broader fuel management system, tires, etc. Tires are significant because a longer lifecycle can impact replacement cycles, the type of tires, and service and repair costs over a more extended period.
Furthermore, fleets may also find they need to replace their one box system, which is the box that holds the DPF filters on Class-8 tractors. This may result in error codes for their DPF system, causing regenerations to increase. When this occurs, drivers must stop more often to regenerate the system between 30 and 45 minutes, which can adversely impact their business. This eventually results in DPF filter replacement along with components such as crossover pumps, dosage valves, and, in some cases, crossover tubes—line-item expenses that add up significantly over time.
However, if truck lifecycles are extended but PM cycles are not realigned, your entire M&R operation may no longer be in sync with third-party provider recommendations in regard to internal mechanics and key operating components, which negatively affects each truck’s performance.
Data analytics and these strategies will help you better understand the big picture and how today’s fuel prices and lifecycle extensions impact your cost structures. You will also be able to pinpoint at the line-item level where specific expenditures are adding up. With this visibility, you can instill much-needed confidence in the leadership team to make the right procurement decisions that benefit the bottom line in the long run. Companies must also work with a partner that can help determine the cost by VMRS codes and set a strategy for asset procurement, which is critical when all your baselines for the previous 10+ years are no longer relevant. | WA
Al Barner, CTP, is Senior Vice President of Strategic Fleet Solutions for Fleet Advantage, a leading innovator in truck fleet business analytics, equipment financing and lifecycle cost management. For more information, visit www.FleetAdvantage.com.
Notes
1. www.truckinginfo.com/10184572/fuel-prices-overtake-driver-shortage-as-most-critical-industry-issue
2. www.nptc.org/benchmarking/benchmarking-report/
3. www.fleetowner.com/operations/article/21253709/how-fleets-can-manage-cashflow-amid-uncertain-even-scary-economic-climate
4. https://truckingresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ATRI-Top-Industry-Issues-2022.pdf